Overview

NASA POWER historical solar and meteorological observations for renewable energy, sustainable buildings and agroclimatology. Retrieve point time series and climatology, inspect native-grid regions, and compare labeled locations with source units and provenance. No NASA account or API key is required.

Tools

Eight tools are enabled by default; NASA_POWER_DATAFRAME_DROP_ENABLED=true enables the ninth.

Capability reference

nasa_power_get_timeseries _tool

• latitude / longitude and temporalResolution: hourly and daily take an inclusive startDate / endDate, monthly takes startYear / endYear. selection is a named preset (default solar_pv) or explicit parameters, at most 15 effective codes hourly and 20 otherwise, corrections included.
• community (RE, SB, AG; default RE), units (metric, imperial) and timeStandard (LST, UTC). Optional siteElevation adds PSC; paired windElevation (10–300 meters) and windSurface add WSC. Use nasa_power_list_reference topic wind_surfaces for all 17 canonical NASA aliases, including airportgrass, airportice and vegtype_1; vegetation underscores are retained.
• Returns metadata, parameters, expansions, omittedParameters, summaries, rows, an exact rowCount and dataset (null unless staged). Optional canvas_id reuses a canvas when staging is needed.

nasa_power_get_climatology _tool

• Point coordinates with the same selection and corrections; optional startYear and endYear together, otherwise the source product range. No temporalResolution input.
• Small profiles remain inline; larger profiles return a bounded preview and complete dataset handle. Pass optional canvas_id to reuse an existing workspace. Without DuckDB, narrow oversized selections for inline output. SI_EF_TILTED_SURFACE and the distinct SI_TILTED_AVG, SI_TILTED_MIN, SI_TILTED_MAX groups list only their actually returned members, numeric angles and N/S orientation text included, in expansions. A group is omitted only when none of its members return.

nasa_power_get_region _tool

• One parameter over ordered latitudeMin / latitudeMax and longitudeMin / longitudeMax, each axis spanning 2–10 degrees (invalid_region otherwise); split antimeridian regions into separate calls. temporalResolution is daily, monthly or climatology; point corrections are unsupported.
• Daily regions require date bounds and monthly regions require year bounds. Regional climatology accepts no year fields and reports the source's precomputed period; use nasa_power_get_climatology for a custom point year window.
• Returns cell-tagged rows, cellCount and per-period summaries with equal-weight cell min / mean / max, not area-weighted. Optional canvas_id reuses a canvas for staging.
• Oversized summary envelopes return summaryDataset with all cross-cell summaries, exact summaryCount and a whole-record inline preview. Query the table in summaryIndex order; SQL units: null restores an omitted source unit. Observations and summaries register together and retain linked provenance.

nasa_power_compare_locations _tool

• 2–10 locations, each with coordinates and a label of 1–120 characters, sharing one selection, corrections and window. temporalResolution defaults to climatology; hourly, daily and monthly also work.
• Returns successful locations with per-site provenance, location-tagged rows, annual and calendar-season summaries, and failed entries with partial: true when some sites fail; all-site failure returns all_locations_failed. possibleSharedGridCell flags sites that may share a grid cell.
• Optional sort (parameter, direction asc / desc) orders by a selected numeric parameter with known identical units. Optional canvas_id reuses a canvas for staging.
• When summaries exceed the response budget, summaryDatasets.buckets and summaryDatasets.locations point to complete SQL tables; inline summaries become whole-record previews and each location includes summaryCount. Query in summaryIndex order; the location-summary table includes locationId. SQL units: null represents an omitted source unit, not a known unit.

nasa_power_search_parameters _tool

• community (default RE), temporalResolution (default daily), optional filter (up to 256 characters), offset and positive integer limit (default 20, effective cap 100 with a notice when capped).
• Every case-insensitive filter token must match a code, name or definition across the complete dictionary before sorted pagination; a blank filter browses it. entries, total, hasMore and truncated describe the page.

nasa_power_list_reference _tool

• topic: presets (default), communities, coverage, missing_data, wind_surfaces or dataframes.
• Returns typed entries, guidance, documentationUrls and verifiedOn. Presets are solar_pv, wind_turbine, building_hvac, agroclimatology and water_balance; building_hvac is unavailable hourly. agroclimatology adds T2M_MAX and T2M_MIN outside hourly resolution; monthly/climatology extremes remain source aggregates, without reconstructed daily records or calculated growing degree days.

nasa_power_dataframe_describe _tool

• Required canvas_id from a producing response; optional table limits inspection to one table.
• Returns canvas and table expiry, SQL columns with source units, and original scientific provenance. Only tables in the supplied canvas are visible.

nasa_power_dataframe_query _tool

• Required canvas_id and one read-only SELECT in sql (up to 16,384 characters); positive integer rowLimit defaults to 100 and is capped at 1,000, with an effective-cap notice for larger requests. Files, writes and system catalogs are denied.
• Returns columns, rows, rowCount, shownCount, truncated and countSemantics (exact or materialized_prefix). SQL has a 10-second deadline; the structured and rendered outputs each must fit 40,000 characters.
• SQL mistakes retain bounded identifiers or conversion values with recovery guidance. Operational failures use generic messages; engine paths and native causes are excluded.

nasa_power_dataframe_drop _tool

• Required canvas_id and exact table; enabled only by NASA_POWER_DATAFRAME_DROP_ENABLED=true.
• Returns dropped: false for an absent table while other tables keep the canvas alive. Removing the final table also retires its canvas and frees its slot; subsequent describe, query or drop calls return canvas_not_found.

Features

Built on @cyanheads/mcp-ts-core: stdio and Streamable HTTP transports, pluggable auth (none / jwt / oauth), swappable storage (in-memory, filesystem, Supabase, Cloudflare KV/R2/D1), structured logging with optional OpenTelemetry tracing.

POWER-specific:

• Historical gridded observations, rather than site measurements or forecasts. Meteorological coverage starts in 1981, solar in 1984 and hourly in 2001; source configuration and publication latency further constrain availability.
• One active upstream request, starts at least two seconds apart, bounded retries and a 55-second overall call deadline. NASA publishes no numeric request allowance. References cache for 24 hours and observations for 10 minutes.
• Source fill values become null; zero remains a measurement. Monthly annual keys and climatology ANN remain distinct from monthly observations. LST labels have no UTC offset.
• T_ZONES and TM_ZONES retain numeric climate-zone codes with valueKind: categorical, including in SQL column metadata. They have no arithmetic summaries or comparison sort metrics; explicit numeric sorting by either is rejected.

Agent-friendly output:

• Scientific provenance — source API version, dataset identifiers, endpoint and access time accompany results; preserve returned units and attribute NASA POWER.
• Explicit gaps — omittedParameters distinguishes an absent series from fill values; arithmetic observation means and calendar-season buckets are not climate normals, annual yields or water balances.
• Complete datasets — inline outputs each fit 40,000 characters. Larger datasets stage all rows with a preview of at most 20 rows and a dataset handle; unsupported or oversized requests fail with narrowing guidance instead of returning a capped source prefix.

Staging requires DuckDB and supports at most 250,000 rows, 64 parameter columns and 32 MiB of serialized rows per dataset. Canvases are process-local capabilities: pass the returned token explicitly and route later calls to the same process. Tables expire after 30 minutes with eight tables per canvas. Defaults are one idle hour and six absolute hours per canvas, four canvases per tenant, eight per process, and 256 MiB engine memory per canvas. Operators can size canvas capacity, memory and lifetime below; engine memory does not bound total RSS or temporary disk.

Getting started

Public Hosted Instance

A public instance is available at https://nasa-power.caseyjhand.com/mcp — no installation required. Point any MCP client at it via Streamable HTTP:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "nasa-power-mcp-server": {
      "type": "streamable-http",
      "url": "https://nasa-power.caseyjhand.com/mcp"
    }
  }
}

Self-Hosted / Local

Add the following to your MCP client configuration file.

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "nasa-power-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "bunx",
      "args": ["@cyanheads/nasa-power-mcp-server@latest"],
      "env": { "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE": "stdio" }
    }
  }
}

Or with npx (no Bun required):

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "nasa-power-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@cyanheads/nasa-power-mcp-server@latest"],
      "env": { "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE": "stdio" }
    }
  }
}

Or with Docker:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "nasa-power-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "docker",
      "args": ["run", "-i", "--rm", "-e", "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=stdio", "ghcr.io/cyanheads/nasa-power-mcp-server:latest"]
    }
  }
}

For Streamable HTTP, set the transport and start the server:

MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=http MCP_HTTP_PORT=3010 bun run start:http
# Server listens at http://127.0.0.1:3010/mcp

Prerequisites

• Bun v1.4.0 or higher (or Node.js v24+).
• npm and Docker install native DuckDB dependencies normally on supported platforms, and staging and SQL are on by default. Set CANVAS_PROVIDER_TYPE=none to keep every result inline.
• The portable Claude Desktop MCPB bundle fixes CANVAS_PROVIDER_TYPE=none and supports inline results. Narrow an oversized request or use npm/Docker for analytics.

Installation

1. Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/cyanheads/nasa-power-mcp-server.git

2. Navigate into the directory:

cd nasa-power-mcp-server

3. Install dependencies:

bun install

4. Configure environment:

cp .env.example .env
# edit .env to change transport, logging or canvas settings

Configuration

Unset, blank and whole-value placeholder settings retain these defaults. Invalid sizing fails startup. Byte budgets, table limits and producer concurrency remain fixed independently of operator canvas sizing. See .env.example for optional transport, authentication, storage, logging and telemetry settings.

Running the server

Local development

• Build and run the production version:

  shCopy

  # One-time build
  bun run rebuild
  
  # Run the built server
  bun run start:http
  # or
  bun run start:stdio
  

• Run checks and tests:

  shCopy

  bun run devcheck  # Lints, formats, type-checks, and more
  bun run test      # Runs the test suite
  

Docker

docker build -t nasa-power-mcp-server .
docker run --rm -p 127.0.0.1:3010:3010 nasa-power-mcp-server

The image defaults to HTTP on port 3010 in stateless session mode and logs to /var/log/nasa-power-mcp-server. OpenTelemetry peer dependencies are installed by default; build with --build-arg OTEL_ENABLED=false to omit them. For a client outside loopback, configure authentication and TLS at the deployment boundary.

Project structure

Development guide

See CLAUDE.md for development guidelines and architectural rules. The short version:

• Handlers throw, framework catches — no try/catch in tool logic
• Use ctx.log for logging and ctx.signal for cancellation
• Register new tools in the createApp() array in src/index.ts
• Wrap external API calls: validate raw → normalize to domain type → return output schema; never fabricate missing fields, and preserve source units and annual-period distinctions
• content[] and structuredContent carry the same complete data

Contributing

Issues are welcome. Run checks and tests before submitting:

bun run devcheck
bun run test

License

This project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. See the LICENSE file for details.